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The reproductives live in a central room in the nest in which a lady , or queen, will lay many thousands of eggs every year over her entire life span of about 10 years. Male, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Multiple reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites grow in the colony by shedding cuticles at the end of every growth stage, gradually changing until they get to the employee, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens die, some supplementary reproductives can carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than workers and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) can resist the external environment. After flight, unlike other insects, the wings of termites are discarded and piles of discard wings are a clue to termite infestations.
Soldiers have darker, heads that are bigger than the other castes. They're blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
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Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from most toxins, exposure, or starvation. It is their role to defend the colony, if upset, while the damage is repaired by the employees.
Soldiers exist in different types. Most species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, such as ants.
Nastute soldiers happen in Nasustitermes species and therefore are only rarely found as pests in Victoria. They've a snout from which they eject a sticky solution which disturbs and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a head, which can be wedged in tunnels to prevent attackers. The termites, which utilize this strategy, are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
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The employees account for the largest number of termites within the colony, and are therefore responsible for the most damage.
They collect food, groom termites, construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are believed to work 24 hours per day throughout their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs that have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they're mature enough, the young work within the colony where jobs change with age and adulthood.
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Once a single colony gets sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives that wait in specially constructed chambers until ready to leave the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest as a swarm under conditions of high humidity atmosphere, and at times low light. Termites are not strong fliers and usually only fly around 1km, although breezes and updrafts can take them much further.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and evokes a calling scent. Males respond.
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They dig in and within the next few weeks, mate and look after their young until enough employees develop to take over the care functions.
New colonies are established via budding. This is believed to happen when the extremities of this colony get rid of contact and eventually become independent.
The king and queen are believed to hormones, which suppress the development of the rest of the colony. This control breaks down if the land is too big or contact groups is dropped.
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Termites work in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as larvae, which can be fed by mature termites. They then develop into castes or four forms of termite:
Soldiers have large heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and might take longer to control. Several species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, like ants.
Employees are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Employees are the caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for damage.
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Reproductives that are darker in color have functional eyes and strong skin. This caste becomes the leaders of colonies.
The temperature, food grade, and activity of the colony will determine how long it takes for a termite to grow from egg to mature.
Nests and tunnels are stored moist because employee termites cannot stand low humidity for long intervals. The temperature within the nursery of a large nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but rarely changes more than one degree a day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.
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It is important to properly identify the kind of termite before beginning treatment. This can help you understand the habits of this colony, find the nest and indicate the suitable system of Continue control.