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The reproductives reside in a central room in the nest in which a female, or queenwill put many thousands of eggs every year over her life span of approximately a decade. Man, or kings, are responsible to fertilising the queens. Numerous reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites grow in the colony by shedding cuticles in the end of each growth stage, gradually changing until they reach the employee, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than workers and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) can resist the external environment. Once flight, unlike other insects, the wings of termites are lost and piles of shed wings are a clue to termite infestations.
Soldiers have darker, heads that are bigger than the other castes. They are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
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Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from most toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their role to defend the colony, if upset, while the damage is repaired by the employees.
Soldiers exist in different forms. Many species have soldiers, together with well-developed jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, like ants.
Nastute soldiers happen in Nasustitermes species and therefore are only infrequently found as pests in Victoria. They have a snout where they eject a tacky solution which irritates and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a very large head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. Are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
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The employees account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are consequently responsible for the maximum damage.
They gather food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and repair damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are believed to operate 24 hours a day during their life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They're blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs that have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they're mature enough, the young work within the colony where jobs change with age and adulthood.
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Once a single colony becomes sufficiently large it produces winged reproductives which wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to depart the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest for a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still atmosphere, and at times light. Termites are not strong fliers and generally only fly around 1km, although breezes and updrafts can take them a lot farther.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and emits a calling scent. Males quickly respond.
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They dig in and over the next few weeks, mate and take care of their young until enough employees develop to take over the care roles.
New colonies are occasionally created via budding. This is thought to happen when the extremities my sources of this colony get rid of contact and eventually become independent.
The main king and queen are thought to hormones, which suppress the development of the remainder of the colony. But this control breaks down whether the land is large or contact with groups is lost.
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Termites work in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as mammals, which can be fed by adult termites. They then develop into castes or four forms of termite:
Soldiers have big heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are tougher than other castes and might take longer to control. Some species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, like ants.
Employees are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Workers are the greatest caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for damage.
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Reproductives which are darker in colour to other castes, have functional eyes and robust skin. This caste becomes the pioneers of future colonies.
The temperature, food quality, and action of the colony will determine how long it takes for a termite.
Nests and tunnels are kept moist because employee termites cannot stand humidity for long periods of time. The temperature within the nursery of a large nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but changes more than one level every day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.
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It is important to identify the kind of pest infestation prior to beginning treatment. This will help you understand the habits of the colony, find the nest and indicate the method of control.