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The reproductives reside in a central room in the nest where a lady queen or queen, will lay many thousands of eggs every year over her life span of approximately a decade. Male, or kings, are responsible for fertilising the queens. Reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites grow in the colony by shedding cuticles in the end of each growth phase, gradually changing until they reach the employee, soldier or grownup (winged form). If queens die, some supplementary reproductives can carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than employees and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) is able to resist the outside environment. Once flight, unlike other insects, the deciduous wings of termites are lost and piles of discard wings are a good hint to termite infestations.
Soldiers have heads that are darker than the other castes. They are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
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Soldiers are more demanding than the other castes and take longer to die from many toxins, exposure, or starvation. It is their role to defend the colony, if upset, while the damage is repaired by the workers.
Soldiers exist in different types. Many species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, such as ants.
Nastute soldiers happen in Nasustitermes species and therefore are only infrequently found as pests in Victoria. They've a snout from which they eject a tacky solution which irritates and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a very large head, which can be wedged in tunnels to prevent attackers. The drywood termites, which utilize this strategy, are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
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The employees account for the largest number of termites within the colony, and are consequently responsible for the most damage.
They collect food, groom other termites, construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are believed to operate 24 hours per day throughout their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs which have been tended by their nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they are old enough, the young work within the colony in which occupations change with age and adulthood.
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Once a single colony becomes sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives which wait in specially constructed chambers until ready to depart the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest as a swarm under conditions of high humidity air, and at times light. Termites are not strong fliers and usually only fly up to 1km, although breezes and updrafts can take them much farther.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and evokes a calling scent. Males respond.
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They dig in and over the basics next few weeks, partner and look after their young until enough workers develop to take over the maintenance roles.
New colonies are created via budding. This is thought to occur when the extremities of this colony get rid of contact and eventually become independent.
The king and queen are thought to emit hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the rest of the colony. However, this control breaks down if the territory is large or contact groups is dropped.
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Termites work together in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as larvae, which are fed by adult termites. They then develop into castes or four forms of termite:
Soldiers have large, dark heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and might take longer to control. Some species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, like ants.
Workers are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Employees are the caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for harm.
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Reproductives that are darker in color have functional eyes and strong skin. This caste becomes the pioneers of future colonies.
The temperature, food grade, and action of this colony will determine how long it takes to get a termite.
Nests and tunnels are kept moist because worker termites cannot stand humidity for long periods of time. The temperature within the nursery of a nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but rarely varies more than one level every day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.
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It's important to identify the type of infestation prior to beginning treatment. This can help you understand the customs of the colony, find the nest and indicate the method of control.